|
The ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'', also known as the German Reich Railway〔Zeller, Thomas (2007). ''Driving Germany: The Landscape of the German Autobahn, 1930-1970'', Bergbahn Books, p. 51. ISBN 978-1-84545-309-1〕 or the German Imperial Railway,〔''Germany's Economy, Currency and Finance: A Study Addressed by Order of the German Government to the Committees of Experts, as Appointed by the Reparations Commission.'' Zentral-Verlag G. M. B. H., 1924, pp. 4, 98 and 99.〕〔Anastasiadou, Irene (2011). ''Constructing Iron Europe: Transnationalism and Railways in the Interbellum'', Amsterdam University Press, p. 134. ISBN 978 90 5260 392 6〕 was the name of the German national railway created from the railways of the individual states of the German Empire following the end of World War I. The company was founded in 1920 as the ''Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen'' when the Weimar Republic, formally known as ''Deutsches Reich'' (German Reich, hence the usage of the ''Reich'' in the name of the railway), took national control of the German railways, which had previously been run by the German states. In 1924 it was reorganised under the aegis of the ''Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft'' (DRG), a nominally private railway company, which was 100% owned by the German state. In 1937 the railway was reorganised again as a state authority and given the name ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'' (DRB). After the ''Anschluss'' in 1938 the DR also took over the ''Bundesbahn Österreich'' (BBÖ, Federal Railway of Austria).〔(Information about railroad, history and technology of German state railway ) 〕〔(Constitution of the ''Deutsches Reich'' ) affecting railways. 〕〔(Law relating to the state treaty for the transfer of state railways to the ''Reich'' ) 〕〔(Decree for the creation of the „Deutsche Reichsbahn“ company ) 〕 The East and West German states were founded in 1949. East Germany took over the control of the DR on its territory and continued to use the traditional name ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'', while the railway in West Germany became the ''Deutsche Bundesbahn'' (DB, German Federal Railway). The Austrian ''Österreichische Bundesbahnen'' (ÖBB, Austrian Federal Railways) was founded in 1945, and was given its present name in 1947. In January 1994, following the German union, the East German ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'' merged with the West German ''Deutsche Bundesbahn'' to form Germany's new national carrier, ''Deutsche Bahn AG'', technically no longer a government agency but still a 100% state-owned joint stock company. == Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen (1920-1924) == The first railways to be owned by the German Empire, which was founded in 1871, were the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine, whose Imperial General Division of Railways in Alsace-Lorraine (''Kaiserliche General-Direktion der Eisenbahnen in Elsass-Lothringen'') had its headquarters in Straßburg (now Strasbourg). It was formed after France had ceded the territory of Alsace-Lorraine in 1871 to the German Empire and the newly created Third French Republic had formally purchased the French Eastern Railway Company (French: ''Compagnie des chemins de fer de l’Est'' or German: ''Französischen Ostbahn-Gesellschaft'') and then sold it again to the German Empire. After the end of the First World War this national "imperial railway" was taken back by France. In the remaining German states, by contrast, the existing state railways continued to be subject to their respective sovereigns, despite the fact that Otto von Bismarck had tried in vain to purchase the main railway lines for the Empire. A similar attempt failed in 1875 as a result of opposition from the middle powers when Albert von Maybach presented a draft Reich Railway Act to the Bundesrat. In the wake of the stipulations of the Weimar Constitution of 11 August 1919 the state treaty on the foundation of the ''Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen'' ("German Reich (Imperial) Railways") came into force on 1 April 1920. This resulted in the merger of the existing state railways (''Länderbahnen'') of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Württemberg, Baden, Mecklenburg and Oldenburg under the newly formed German Reich. The state railways that merged were the: * Baden state railways * Mecklenburg state railways * Oldenburg state railways * Bavarian state railways * Saxon state railways * Württemberg state railways * Prussian-Hessian state railways 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Deutsche Reichsbahn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|